On 19 March 2025, Turkish army forces carried out shelling against PKK militants in the Gire Bahar area (Al Amadiya, Duhok). Casualties unknown.

Supply-chain Risk Briefing

1) Summary On March 19, 2025, Turkish forces conducted artillery strikes against PKK militants in the Amadia region of Dohuk Governorate, Iraq. This was a medium-intensity military clash occurring in the border region within Iraq's northern Kurdistan autonomous region, with casualty figures yet to be confirmed.

2) Supply-chain impact

• Oil transport routes: Northern Iraq is a critical region through which the Kurdistan-Turkey crude oil pipeline passes, and continued instability in the area could indirectly impact energy exports
• Cross-border logistics: Tensions in the Turkey-Iraq border region may constrain the use of overland trade routes, with particular concerns about delays in transporting construction materials and consumer goods
• Regional agricultural production: Dohuk Governorate is one of northern Iraq's major agricultural regions, and sustained military operations could potentially affect grain and livestock production and distribution
• Kurdish autonomous region investment sentiment: Recurring border conflicts negatively impact foreign investment and infrastructure development project progress

3) Watch points

• Whether additional clashes occur between Turkey and PKK and the possibility of operational escalation, particularly monitoring activities near pipeline infrastructure
• Response from Iraq's central government and Kurdish Regional Government, and progress in diplomatic consultations with Turkey