On 19 March 2025, Turkish army helicopters conducted airstrikes targeting the Belave village (Al Amadiya, Duhok). Casualties unknown.

Supply-chain Risk Briefing

1. Summary

On March 19, 2025, Turkish military helicopters conducted airstrikes on the village of Belabeh in the Duhok region of northern Iraq. This appears to be an extension of the ongoing border conflict between Turkey and the PKK, indicating deepening geopolitical instability in Iraq's Kurdish region.

2. Supply-chain impact

• Northern Iraq oil infrastructure: The Kurdish region is a key hub for Iraq's oil production, with ongoing military operations posing risk factors to pipeline and production facility operations
• Turkey-Iraq overland logistics: Duhok is near a major overland route connecting Turkey and Iraq, with military activity in the border region potentially causing freight transport delays
• Regional agricultural supply chains: Instability near northern Iraq's agricultural production areas (wheat, barley) raises concerns of disruption to regional food supply chains

3. Watch points

• Diplomatic tensions between Turkish and Iraqi governments: Whether the Iraqi central government will lodge formal protests and Turkey's plans for subsequent military operations
• Kurdish region oil export status: Operational status of Kurdish oil pipelines transiting through Turkey and trends in export volume changes