On 16 March 2025, Turkish army forces carried out airstrikes and shelling against PKK militants in the Gire Bahar area (Al Amadiya, Duhok). Casualties unknown.

1) Summary On March 16, 2025, Turkish forces conducted airstrikes and artillery attacks targeting PKK militants in the Duhok region of northern Iraq. The military operations within the Iraqi Kurdistan Region resulted in medium-level security risks, though casualty figures remain unconfirmed.

2) Supply-chain impact

• Northern Iraq energy infrastructure: Duhok's proximity to the Iraq-Turkey oil pipeline route creates potential for indirect impact on energy transport routes if military operations continue
• Kurdistan Region logistics networks: Instability near the Turkish border raises concerns of temporary disruptions to overland transport and trade activities
• Construction and mineral materials: Cement and construction material production facilities and transport networks in northern Iraq face potential operational disruptions if security conditions deteriorate
• Agricultural supply chains: Short-term impact on agricultural production and distribution in the Duhok region, particularly affecting agricultural export routes to Turkey

3) Watch points

• Turkey-PKK conflict escalation: Monitor frequency of similar military operations and regional expansion patterns over the next 2-4 weeks
• Iraq-Turkey oil pipeline operations: Monitor crude oil transport volumes and operational suspension cases through the Kirkuk-Ceyhan pipeline